Iav thawv iav zoo

Cov iav yog ib cov khoom noj thiab dej haus thiab ntau yam khoom, ntim ntim, kev siv ntau hom iav kuj yog cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom pov thawj heev. Thaum muaj ntau hom khoom ntim khoom rau hauv kev ua lag luam, lub khob ntim rau hauv cov dej haus cawv tseem nyob ntu tseem ceeb, uas nws muaj lwm cov ntaub ntim cov khoom ntim tsis tuaj yeem hloov cov ntim khoom ntim tsis tau cais

Raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg Lub raj mis iav Fittings feem ntau yog 7 mus rau 12 raw cov ntaub ntawv. Qov quartz xuab zeb, dej qab zib, limestone, dolomite, feldspar, borax, lead thiab barium compounds. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov neeg ua hauj lwm clarifying, colorants, cov tshuaj ntxuav muag, opacifiers thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv pov thawj (saib iav). Coarse hais ntawm quartz yog nyuaj rau yaj tag; hais zoo heev nyob rau hauv lub melting txheej txheem thiab nquag scum thiab hmoov av, cuam tshuam lub melting, yooj yim rau ntsaws lub tshuab ua kom hluav taws xob. Qhov phom loj yog 0.25 ~ 0.5 hli. Rau kev siv cov khib nyiab, feem ntau kuj ntxiv tawg iav, qhov ntau yog 20 mus rau 60%, mus txog 90%.

Cov tshuaj iav ntawm iav, raws li kev siv txoj cai, molding txoj kev, molding ceev, txheej txheem tus yam ntxwv thiab ntau yam ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam txawv. Qhov loj feem ntau ntawm cov fwj no yog ua los ntawm cov dej qab ntsev kua txiv silicate. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov kua dej qab ntsev kua iav yog SiO2, Na2O thiab CaO. Qhov qhia txog kev zoo ntawm Al2O3 thiab MgO yuav txo qhov kev xav ntawm lub iav, txhim khu kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev kho lub zog ntawm iav, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm iav. Feem ntau lub teb chaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm sodium thiab calcium iav tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm iav: SiO270 ~ 74%, CaO thiab MgO10 ~ 14%, Na2O thiab K2O13 ~ 16%, Al2O31.5 ~ 2.5%. Thaum tsim tau lub thawv tsis muaj xim, cov ntsiab lus ntawm Fe2O3 nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb quartz yog tsawg heev (feem ntau yog li 0.03%). Nyob rau hauv qhov dog dig soda txiv qaub iav, ntxiv Cr2O3 thiab Fe2O3, iav yog emerald ntsuab, ntxiv sulfur - carbon los yog MnO2 thiab Fe2O3, iav yog xim av. Ntim ntawm cov kws kho mob yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj siab ruaj khov thiab ua los ntawm borosilicate iav. Cov tshuaj txhuam hniav zoo nkauj, feem ntau siv txhuas, barium los yog zinc siv lead ua iav, thiab qee yam rau cov iav opaque, feem ntau muaj cov tshuaj fluoride ua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm opacifying.

Kev Cai Zoo Cov iav fwj yuav tsum muaj ib qho kev ua tau zoo thiab ua tau raws li cov qauv zoo.

① iav zoo: dawb huv, tsis muaj gravel, stripes, npuas thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag. Cov xim tsis muaj xim tsis muaj xim zoo nkauj; xim iav tsos nqaij daim tawv tsis meej thiab kev ruaj ntseg, tuaj yeem nqus tau ib lub teeb meem ntawm lub teeb zog.

② lub cev thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj: ib cov degree degree stability, tsis nrog cov khoom nyhuv. Muaj qee qhov teeb meem kev poob siab thiab kev ua hauj lwm muaj zog, tuaj yeem tiv taus, ua kom tsis muaj cua sov thiab lwm yam cua kub, txheej txheem cua txias thiab dov lub filling, cia thiab kev thauj mus los, ntsib kev txhawj xeeb sab hauv thiab sab nraud, kev co, kev poob siab,

③ molding zoo: kom muaj lub peev xwm, qhov nyhav thiab qhov zoo, zoo li lub qhov diav tuab, lub qhov ncauj qhuav, kom ua kom tiav zoo thiab txhuam zoo. Tsis muaj kev sib daj sib deev, saum npoo tsis sib luag, tsis ncaj thiab tawg thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag.

Kev Txhim Kho Cov txheej txheem iav thawv raug tsim muaj xws li kev npaj, yaj, molding, kev nplaum, kev kho qhov chaw thiab kev ua haujlwm, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev ntim khoom.

① kev npaj cov khoom xyaw: nrog rau kev cia cov khoom ntim raw, hnyav, sib tov thiab sib tsoo ntawm khoom. Yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv sib xyaw kom haum rau homogeneous thiab cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.

(2) Rug Tshooj: Lub pob zeb ntawm lub khob ntawm lub raj mis ntawm lub raj mis yog siv hauv cov nplaim hluav taws kub (saib cov iav tawg). Kab rov tav nplaim lub pas dej txhua hnub yog ntau tshaj 200t, loj txog li 400 ~ 500t. Horseshoe-zoo li hluav taws pas kiln txhua hnub tawm ntawm ntau tshaj 200t. Cov iav melting kub li 1580 ~ 1600 ℃. Melt zog noj nyiaj rau 70% ntawm tag nrho cov kev siv zog noj khoom. Ua tau los ntawm lub pas dej puv npog tag nrho, ua rau lub peev xwm ntawm tus cwj pwm rov qab txhuam cib, txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv khoom, kev kho kom zoo dua qub thiab kev tswj cov iav thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas kom txuag tau lub zog. Npuas nyob rau hauv lub melting tank muaj peev xwm txhim kho lub convection ntawm iav, kom ntxiv dag zog rau txheej txheem meej, nce cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub nplaim kiln nrog hluav taws xob cua sov, tsis muaj peev xwm nce lub cub tawg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nce ntau lawm, txhim kho zoo.

③ molding: kev siv ntau txoj kev molding, daim ntawv thov ntawm lub tshuab raj - tshuab txoj hauv kev ua lub qhov ncauj me me, lub siab - tshuab txoj hauv kev rau cov rhawv zeb (saib iav). Tsawg siv kev tswj hwm. Zus tau lub vov me me fwj dav siv lub tshuab raj fais fab siv high-speed molding. Lub tshuab raj no rau lub cev hnyav, cov duab thiab kev tsis sib haum muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiaj li tswj tau qhov ntsuas kub nyob hauv lub tank. Tsis siv neeg lub raj mis ua tshuab hom ntau dua, uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub tshuab fwj tshuaj. Lub raj mis no tau muab pov tseg los ntawm lub tshuab ua lub raj mis, tsis yog lub raj mis, thiab tsis muaj qhov sib hloov, kev lag luam muaj kev ruaj ntseg, thiab ib qho twg yuav nres tau cais rau kev txij nkawm uas tsis cuam tshuam lwm cov kev ua haujlwm ceg (Daim Duab 1). Cylindrical Lub Raj Mis Siv Tshuab Ntau hom kev sib tsoo thiab bottlenecks tau tsim rau 12 pawg, ob zaug tee los yog 3 tee ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev tswj xyuas computer.

④ Kev Tshawb Xyuas: Lub vauj ntawm iav hub yog kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov iav kom pom zoo. Kev txhim kho feem ntau yog ua rau hauv ib hom kab hluav taws ua kom tiav nrog qhov siab tshaj qhov kub txog 550 txog 600 ° C. Qhov siv hom hluav taws rau qhov siv hluav taws xob (Daim Duab 2) siv qhov cua kub cua kub cua kom sov, kom lub qhov cub tawg kub thiab kev tsim ntawm huab cua ntaub, limiting cua ntsig zog kom paub meej tias lub cub tawg tsis zoo thiab kev ruaj ntseg.

⑤ deg kho thiab ua haujlwm: feem ntau los ntawm kub kub ntawm lub nplaub tshev hluav taws kub thiab txias sab ntawm txoj kev ntawm txheej iav poom deg kho. Kub-txheej txheej yog muab tso rau hauv lub xeev kub (500 txog 600 ° C) hauv lub xeev uas sov so hauv qhov cua ntawm cov kab taum taum taum, cov titanium tetrachloride los yog tin tetrachloride, yog li cov hlau no Cov nplaim ntawm cov kaus poom oxidized rau hauv oxide films sau cov nplaim iav microcracks thaum tiv thaiv microcracks rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab txhim kho cov neeg kho tshuab zog ntawm iav jars. Mob khaub thuas kawg txheej yog oob khaus, oleic acid, polyethylene emulsion, silicone los yog silane, thiab lwm yam, ntawm qhov tawm ntawm lub qhov cub tawg kub txog 100 ~ 150 ℃ fwj dej tsuag tsuag rau ib txheej txheej ntawm cov zaj duab xis, hnav, lubricity thiab lub zog ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub raj mis. Ntau lawm, qhov txias txheej txheej thiab kub ntawm lub txheej yog feem ntau siv nrog ua ke. Rau ntau tshaj 1l loj lub hwj, thiab ib co nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw ntxiv rau npuas polystyrene los yog polyethylene zaj duab xis tsho. Sheath muaj cua kub ntswj, muab tso rau hauv cov cua kub zawm tom qab lub raj mis, tawv thiab yoog raws, poob siab thiab kev sib txeeb, cov ntawv ntim uas tsis tas rau hauv, kom tsis txhob raug mob.