Cov Txheej Txheem Ntau Lawm ntawm Soda-Lim iav Lampshades

Dej qab zib-lime iav yog hom iav siv dav tshaj plaws hauv lub neej niaj hnub, nyiam rau nws cov nqi tsim khoom qis, kev xa hluav taws xob zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo heev- ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov teeb ci. Kev tsim cov dej qab zib-lime iav lampshades suav nrog cov txheej txheem meej, los ntawm kev npaj cov khoom siv raw mus rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam zaum kawg, nrog peb txoj hauv kev tsim: lub qhov ncauj- tshuab, tshuab nias, thiab centrifugal casting. Txhua tus txheej txheem muaj nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, cov xwm txheej siv tau, thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm, uas ua ke ua kom muaj kev xav tau ntau yam ntawm lub lag luam teeb.

1. Raw Material Preparation and Melting: Lub hauv paus ntawm High-Cov iav zoo

Ua ntej txheej txheem txheej txheem, cov khoom siv raw ntawm dej qab zib-cov kua txiv qaub iav yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo npaj thiab ua kom yaj tag nrho kom ntseeg tau tias qhov pom tseeb thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub teeb zaum kawg. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb muaj xws li silica xuab zeb (suav txog 70% -75%), dej qab zib tshauv (muab sodium oxide, 12% -16%), limestone (muab calcium oxide, 8% -12%), thiab me me ntawm dolomite thiab fining agents (xws li sodium sulfate) kom tshem tawm npuas thiab txhim kho melting efficiency. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos no yog thawj zaug crushed rau hauv cov hmoov zoo (0.1-0.5mm), sib tov uniformly nyob rau hauv ib lub nruas tov rau ntau tshaj 30 feeb, thiab ces raug tshem tawm cov hlau kev kho mob siv ib tug sib nqus separator kom tsis txhob ntsuab ntawm lub khob los ntawm hlau impurities.

Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke (hu ua "batch") raug thauj mus rau hauv lub khob rauv, qhov uas lawv tau yaj ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1550-1650℃. Rau me me -batch ntau lawm, crucible furnaces yog siv, thaum loj -scale ntau lawm cia siab rau tas mus li tank furnaces uas muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kub thiab txias, qib kua, thiab huab cua- uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom lub uniformity ntawm cov iav yaj. Cov txheej txheem melting feem ntau yuav siv sij hawm ob peb teev, thaum lub sij hawm cov ntaub ntawv raw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ua ib pob tshab, npuas-dawb molten iav. Cov kws kho mob txiav txim siab qhov tseeb ntawm cov iav yaj los ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov ntsiab lus npuas: yog tias muaj npuas tuab, lub sijhawm yaj yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv rau 1-2 teev kom paub meej meej.

2. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem tseem ceeb: Lub qhov ncauj- tshuab, tshuab nias, thiab centrifugal Casting

Tom qab molten iav mus txog qhov tsim nyog kub (1100-1200 degree, qhov twg nws yog nyob rau hauv ib tug khov, malleable lub xeev), nws yog pauv mus rau lub tsim theem. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev tsim yog nyob ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, qhov loj me, ntim ntau lawm, thiab cov kev xav kom zoo nkauj.

2.1 Qhov ncauj-Blowing Process: Traditional Handcraft for Artistic Lampshades

Lub qhov ncauj- txheej txheem tshuab tshuab yog cov txheej txheem iav ib txwm ua uas tso siab rau tus kws ua haujlwm txuj ci thiab kev paub dhau los, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau me me -batch, kos duab, lossis tsis zoo li cov dej qab zib- txiv qaub iav lampshades. Cov txheej txheem feem ntau suav nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no: ua ntej, tus kws ua haujlwm siv lub tshuab tshuab kom rub cov iav molten tas li ntawm lub qhov cub, tom qab ntawd tig lub tshuab raj thaum tshuab cua rau hauv nws los ua qhov ua ntej hollow "gob". Tom ntej no, lub gob yog muab tso rau hauv lub preheated pwm (feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cam khwb cia hlau los yog graphite) thiab tsis tu ncua tshuab thiab rotated ua rau lub iav haum lub puab lub puab nto, ua rau lub teeb pom kev zoo.

Tom qab tsim, lub tshuab tshuab txiav tawm, thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv pwm kom txias me ntsis ua ntej muab tawm. Vim nws cov khoom siv tes ua, txhua lub qhov ncauj - tshuab tshuab raj muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv cov duab thiab kev ntxhib los mos, muab nws tus nqi kos duab tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no yog kev ua haujlwm- siv zog, muaj kev ua haujlwm tsawg, thiab yuav tsum muaj cov kws tshaj lij craftsmen- ua kom nws tsim nyog rau siab -kawg zoo nkauj lampshades, xws li vintage frosted los yog xim pleev xim pleev xim.

2.2 Tshuab Xovxwm Txheej Txheem: Ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov qauv teeb pom kev zoo

Lub tshuab nias txheej txheem yog ib qho niaj hnub, automated forming txoj kev uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv loj -scale zus tau tej cov standardized soda- txiv qaub iav lampshades. Nws daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua haujlwm qis thiab qhov tsis zoo hauv lub qhov ncauj - txheej txheem tshuab, txo cov nqi tsim khoom thiab txhim kho cov khoom tsim tawm. Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb yog raws li nram no: ua ntej, cov pwm (muaj cov pwm hauv qab thiab lub plunger) yog preheated rau 400-600℃los tiv thaiv cov iav molten los ntawm hardening sai heev los yog sticking rau pwm. Tom qab ntawd, ib qho nyiaj ruaj khov ntawm cov iav molten (hu ua "gob") raug muab tso rau hauv cov pwm hauv qab los ntawm ib tug neeg kho tshuab caj npab.

Cov xovxwm tau qhib, thiab lub plunger nqis los siv lub siab sib xws rau cov iav molten, yuam kom nws sau txhua yam ntawm cov kab noj hniav. Tom qab nias rau 10-30 vib nas this (nyob ntawm lub teeb lub thickness), lub plunger yog lifted, thiab cov pwm yog qhib kom tshem tawm cov semi- tiav lampshade. Lub tshuab nias txheej txheem tuaj yeem tsim cov teeb ci nrog cov duab zoo ib yam, qhov loj me, thiab tuab, thiab nws cov khoom siv tau ntau dua li ntawm lub qhov ncauj - tshuab- nrog rau ib qho kev ua haujlwm uas muaj peev xwm ua tau ze li 3000 daim, piv rau li 700 daim rau lub qhov ncauj - tshuab. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim ntau yam ntawm cov teeb pom kev yooj yim, xws li cylindrical, conical, lossis flat-bottomed lampshades siv hauv tsev thiab cov teeb pom kev lag luam.

2.3 Centrifugal Casting Txheej Txheem: Tshwj xeeb rau Rotationally Symmetric Lampshades

Cov txheej txheem centrifugal casting (tseem hu ua "spinning" hauv kev lag luam iav) yog ib txoj hauv kev tsim tshwj xeeb uas tsim los ua nyias-walled, rotationally symmetric soda-lime iav lampshades, xws li spherical, cylindrical, lossis paj - zoo li lub teeb ci. Cov txheej txheem leverages centrifugal quab yuam kom lub molten iav tusyees ua raws li cov pwm phab ntsa, kom ntseeg tau tias uniform thickness thiab du nto ntawm lub teeb.

Kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no: ua ntej, lub pwm preheated (feem ntau nrog cov qauv sib hloov symmetry) muab tso rau ntawm lub tshuab centrifugal. Ib qho nyiaj ruaj khov ntawm cov iav molten yog nchuav rau hauv pwm, thiab lub tshuab centrifugal pib tig ntawm qhov kub ceev (feem ntau 500-1500 rpm). Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm centrifugal quab yuam, lub molten iav yog muab pov rau sab nraud, nruj nreem adhering rau lub puab phab ntsa ntawm pwm thiab tsim ib tug nyias txheej. Cov pwm khaws cia rotating thaum txias los tiv thaiv iav los ntawm sagging los yog deforming. Lub sij hawm txias nws txawv ntawm 16 mus rau 72 teev, nyob ntawm seb lub teeb lub ntim thiab cov ntsiab lus impurity. Tom qab txias thiab solidification, pwm qhib, thiab lub teeb tiav lawm yog muab tshem tawm.

Cov txheej txheem no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim los tsim cov teeb ci nrog cov qauv sib hloov, xws li vintage frosted nplooj -zoo li lub teeb, thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov siab tiav yam tsis muaj polishing ntxiv. Nws kuj tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov cores, txo cov khoom pov tseg thiab txhim kho kev tsim khoom rau cov duab tshwj xeeb.

3. Tshaj tawm -Kev Ua Haujlwm: Annealing, Tiav, thiab Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Zoo

Txawm hais tias siv cov txheej txheem tsim, ib nrab -cov dej qab zib tiav- cov txiv qaub iav teeb muaj cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv vim txias txias, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg yooj yim yog tias tsis kho. Yog li ntawd, annealing yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - kauj ruam ua. Lub semi-cov teeb ci tiav raug xa mus rau lub qhov cub tawg, qhov chaw uas lawv tau rhaub rau 500-600℃(qhov kub ntawm cov dej qab zib-lime iav), khaws cia ntawm qhov kub thiab txias rau 2-4 teev kom tso cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias mus rau chav sov li 8-12 teev. Cov kauj ruam no ua kom lub zog txhua yam thiab thermal stability ntawm lub teeb ci, tiv thaiv lawv ntawm kev tawg thaum siv.

Tom qab annealing, lub lampshades tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem raws li kev tsim qauv, xws li txiav (txiav lub qhov ncauj kom huv si), polishing (txhim kho qhov chaw smoothness), frosting (acid frosting rau lub teeb pom kev zoo), los yog xim (ntxiv pigments rau lub iav yaj los yog txheej saum npoo). Rau qee qhov teeb pom kev zoo, kev ua haujlwm ntxiv xws li drilling (rau kev teeb tsa lub teeb tuav) yuav tsum tau ua.

Cov kauj ruam kawg yog kev soj ntsuam zoo. Cov neeg soj ntsuam xyuas cov teeb pom kev zoo rau cov npuas, cov kab nrib pleb, qhov tuab tsis sib xws, deformation, thiab qhov tsis xws luag. Cov khoom tsim nyog raug ntxuav, ntim khoom (txhua lub teeb ci yog qhwv hauv lub hnab npuas thiab sib cais los ntawm cov duab los qhia kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj thaum thauj), thiab xa mus rau lub khw; Cov khoom tsis tsim nyog raug muab rov ua dua tshiab ua cullet kom rov- nkag rau hauv cov txheej txheem melting, txo cov khoom pov tseg.

4. Cov lus xaus

Kev tsim cov dej qab zib-lime iav lampshades yog ib txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm uas sib xyaw ua cov khoom siv raw, siab -kub melting, precision forming, thiab nruj ncej- ua. Lub qhov ncauj- txheej txheem tshuab tshuab txais cov khoom siv tes ua ib txwm ua, tsim cov duab kos duab tshwj xeeb; lub tshuab nias txheej txheem paub txog kev tsim khoom loj, ua tau raws li qhov kev thov rau cov khoom lag luam txheem; centrifugal casting txheej txheem specializes nyob rau hauv rotational symmetric lampshades, nthuav ntau yam ntawm cov khoom duab. Cov txheej txheem tsim peb txoj kev sib koom ua ke, ua rau cov dej qab zib-lime iav lampshade kev lag luam kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm ntau lub khw sib txawv-los ntawm siab-kawg kos duab kho kom zoo nkauj rau tsev neeg txhua hnub. Nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yuav dhau los ua ib puag ncig zoo, ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab meej, txhawb kev tsim kho kom ruaj khov ntawm cov iav lampshade kev lag luam.